Categories
alternative medicine

About time those furry little bums get real jobs.

Cat registered as hypnotherapist

So a cat in the UK and another in the US have been accredited by professional hypnotherapist organizations. Some might say that this is a worrying sign of just how laughable and lax these organizations are, which casts serious aspersions on a field already plagued by serious questions regarding its validity.

Me, I say it’s about time for those furry little bums start working to pay their share of the mortgage. Watch out, Loki and Tengu. I’ll be expecting a rent check to go with my candy and Cthulhu cupcakes on Halloween.

Categories
awesome music

Here Comes Science!

I’ll admit it; I actually haven’t listened to They might Be Giants in quite a long time, probably not since high school. I originally got turned on to their music because I watched Tiny Toon Adventures (and I am not ashamed!) and there was an episode of it that was just animated music videos to songs off of Flood. I bought Flood and enjoyed it, but after that I got a little too caught up in being a teenager and listening to music that involved a lot of screaming and the sounds of people torturing electric guitars with dental instruments.

I heard that the band’s been putting out more kid-oriented music and then my friend Chelsea posted on Twitter that the Here Comes Science was really awesome. Since I’m a slave to anything that is about how cool science is, I bought the album from iTunes and just finished listening to it.

It is a really awesome album. Seriously. It’s also definitely kid-safe, kid-friendly, and something kids can enjoy. They may not get all the words, but particularly songs like “The Bloodmobile,” “Cells,” “Solid, Liquid, Gas,” and “Speed and Velocity” put the scientific concepts in to terms I think kids could easily understand. (Man, it would have been nice if someone had explained the difference between speed and velocity to me before I hit the evil brick wall of Physics I in college. Bonus points for in an upbeat song.) And man, are the songs upbeat! I can’t listen to “Why Does the Sun Shine?” and “I Am a Paleontologist” without bouncing around.

And of course, as a bonus to the fun tunes, the lyrics are most excellent.

The first song (“Science Is Real”) lays it out immediately:

I like the stories
About angels, unicorns and elves
Now I like those stories
As much as anybody else
But when I’m seeking knowledge
Either simple or abstract
The facts are with science

Squee!

And of course, for the budding skeptics out there, we’ve got “Put It to the Test:”

If somebody says they figured it out
And they’re leaving any room for doubt
Come up with a test
Yeah, you need a test

Are you sure that that thing is true?
Or did someone just tell it to you?
Come up with a test

The essence of skepticism, in one cute, bouncy song.

Evolution is mentioned several times in the album, and gets a song all of its own as well, “My Brother the Ape:”

But I’ll admit that I look more like a chimp
Than I look like my cousin the shrimp
Or my distant kin the lichens
Or the snowy egret or the moss
And I find it hard to recognize
Some relatives of ours
Like the rotifer, the sycamore
Iguanas and sea stars

I love it! I think kids will love this to bits. And heck, I’m not a kid and I love it to bits too. I need to dig up Flood as well and put it on my iPod again.

Categories
pet rock

A Girl and Her Pet Rock (2)

I went back to the rock lab on Monday to finish up my thin section. Which I should have picked up from the rock lab this morning as a matter of fact. Except that I forgot. You see, I had a brain once. Then I forgot it somewhere and I’ve been screwed ever since. Hopefully I’ll remember to pick it up tomorrow, so I can get on with the important business of doing the photo micrographs and examining it in detail under the microscope.

Over the weekend, Paul (the guy in charge of the rock lab) glued the wonderful flat face that I’d made on my pet rock onto a glass slide with epoxy. Epoxy is the go-to glue for rocks, and has the benefit of having a very index of refraction, since everything is in face viewed through a cloud of glue once you get your slide put together. This is important since one of the identifiers used to discern minerals is what kind of relief they have – which is to say how much they stand out from the epoxy. Quartz and feldspar barely stand out at all, while garnet and olivine have very sharp outlines against the epoxy. So this basically means that quartz and feldspar have indexes of refraction very close to epoxy, while garnet and olivine don’t.

My task was to get rid of most of the rock glued on to the slide, then. All but about 30 microns of it, to be more exact. I started out by cutting most of the rock off using another diamond saw. Then over the course of about 15 minutes, I used a grinding wheel to take layers off of the remaining rock until what I was left with was basically transparent. The point of a thin section, of course, is to have a piece of rock so thin that light can shine through it; hard to image a translucent piece of rock, huh? I was doing pretty well with it. The rock I chose, Kimberlite, is actually very soft as igneous rocks go, partially due to its high calcite and hydrate mineral content.

The hardest, scariest part was actually manually grinding down the last little bit, using the glass plate and very fine carbide grinding powder. What makes that the scary part is that you have to constantly stop and check to make certain that you haven’t taken off too much, and that you’re polishing it up evenly. I actually lost a strip off of one of the edges of my thin section because I didn’t stop to check soon enough. Kimberlite is soft, soft stuff. I had to be much, much more careful going forward, since if I’d lost much more off the slide I would have had to start over and make a new thin section. In the end, I managed to get it fairly even, thankfully!

Before I left the lab, Paul let me check the section under his microscope, using cross-polarized light. It was pretty indeed – lots of calcite and phlogopite mica, as well as a gigantic opaque. All in all I’m very pleased with how it turned out, except that almost all of the olivine in my specimen has been serpentinized – which is to say that it’s been exposed to enough weathering that the original olivine has altered in to serpentine. There’s a spot of remnant olivine here and there, but most of it’s serpentine, which isn’t nearly as pretty. I was hoping that I’d get more olivine, but I would have had to really dig in to the outcrop to get some, and I didn’t want to do that. At least the rest of my minerals still look really pretty!

Categories
2012 stoopid

Even real Mayans think the 2012 Apocalypse is BS

2012 isn’t the end of the world, Mayans insist

It also sounds like the Mayans who aren’t too busy trying not to starve to death are also getting very annoyed about the whole thing. Considering this is basically the white people stealing a bit of their culture and then shellacking it with the Christian idea of a global apocalypse, well, I’d be really annoyed myself. Particularly when said thieving white people are dishonest hacks that are trying to make money by scaring people half to death, or just by making really stupid-looking disaster movies about it.

And sadly, I bet no one will listen to a real Mayan calling it BS. This is one of those unsinkable (and stupid) rubber duckies – if you call BS on one disaster theory, another springs up in its place. Or the believers in it just ignore you and move on. Which I honestly wouldn’t have a problem about it if they weren’t apparently running around and scaring the heck out of fourth graders with this stuff.

The article does a pretty good job of summing up a bunch of the disaster BS that’s going around and at leas throwing in some quotes to let us know that scientists think it’s total BS. Phil Plait even puts in an appearance!

Most of the 2012 stuff hinges on astronomy, which is why I don’t have much to say about it. I just listen to the lovely and talented Dr. Plait, nod, and say “F*** yeah!” at appropriate times. But thanks to Yahoo News, I now know one of the proposed geological ways the world is supposedly going to blow up.

The stupid. It burns:

Another History Channel program titled “Decoding the Past: Doomsday 2012: End of Days” says a galactic alignment or magnetic disturbances could somehow trigger a “pole shift.”

“The entire mantle of the earth would shift in a matter of days, perhaps hours, changing the position of the north and south poles, causing worldwide disaster,” a narrator proclaims. “Earthquakes would rock every continent, massive tsunamis would inundate coastal cities. It would be the ultimate planetary catastrophe.”

History Channel, I would demand that you feel ashamed, but we’ve known for a long time that you don’t have any shame to begin with. Anyone who has taken even the most basic geology course should know that this is complete, gleeful fabrication. The entire mantle of the Earth shifting in days? Are these people on drugs? The part of the mantle known as the asthenosphere is capable of plastic deformation, but it’s made of hot rocks under high pressure, not freaking marshmallow fluff. The mantle has convection currents that move the crustal plates, but come on – when we’re getting a few centimeters a year out of one of these babies, we think it’s really cooking. India is experiencing the most rapid movement out of any of the plates, and it’s moving at 5 cm/year. Not exactly the stuff of horror.

Also, to the best of our knowledge, the magnetic field is determined by currents within the Earth’s core. Not the mantle. Not even close.

Again, I repeat – are these people on drugs?

Categories
biology links

A couple of cool things for Tuesday!

50 Years of Exploration – Space exploration, that is. This infographic appeared in National Geographic and it’s very, very cool as a representation of where we’ve been in our own neighborhood and just how many times.

Vegetarian Spider is first of its kind: This sounded pretty cool to me, but what do I know, I’m just a geologist. I sent it to my friend David, who is in school to become a biology teacher. His response was: “Oh my god, this is huge! Spiders taxonomically speaking were partly isolated based on their predatory natures. To find a spider that isn’t a predator…that’s impressive. I wonder if they’ve done genetic sequencing yet, and if so where it fits in the heiarchy.”

So yes, apparently this is even cooler than I thought. A vegetarian spider. And not just that, a vegetarian spider that (maybe) chemically pretends to be an acacia ant so that the real ants leave it to eat its salad unmolested.

Hooray, evolution! The diversity of life never ceases to amaze me.

Categories
education

Earth Science Week is next week!

Happy Earth Science Week in advance! Make sure that you hug a geologist! Or a climatologist or ecologist, if you must find a substitute.

Every year, Earth Science Week has a theme, with a lot of support from government agencies (such as NASA and NOAA), and professional groups (such as AAPG and AAAS). Lots of very cool stuff in general for promoting science, science education, and science careers.

What I think is even cooler, though, is that ESW does a theme every year, with materials gathered to provide education for that theme. This year’s is “Understanding Climate,” which I think is a really good one. Getting a grasp of the basics behind the complex interactions that make the climate is important for everyone, and then we can also talk about climate change, its importance, and implications. (Because there is a consensus. Thanks, IPCC.)

I wonder how many students will actually get to participate this year, and how many have in the past. It’s something I worry about. There are a lot of good opportunities in something like this, for kids to learn. But considering the horror stories I hear from my friend who teachers at a high poverty school, I’m forced to wonder if kids like the ones in her class will get to benefit and learn. I know for certain that there are kids in every class that would love to learn more about the Earth; when I visited her classroom last year to talk a little bit about rocks, some of the kids were really excited about science. But when you’ve got the government (and the school administration) breathing down your neck about the reading, writing and math (the only subjects tested under No Child Left Behind) I think it means a lot of kids have and are going to miss out on things like Earth Science Week.

Categories
geomorph rivers

Modeling Meanders

Alfalfa Sprouts Key To Discovering How Meandering Rivers Form

Some very cool stuff from the world of Geomorphology. Now that we’re realizing that channelizing rivers sometimes isn’t the best idea (well, as far as the flood plains and nearby shores are concerned, it’s never a good idea) and trying to get them back to their natural state, we’ve never managed to copy nature. We can put a man on the moon, but we can’t make a meandering river, to paraphrase. So this is some very cool modeling on how the process works, which means some day we might be able to get the meanders right.

*Quick terminology: Meandering rivers are those wandering, looping rivers we’re so familiar with. Such as The Amazon or the Mississippi or the Nile. You’re probably not familiar with braided rivers unless you live near the mountains or other sources of extremely coarse sediment, but here are a couple examples: Waimakariri River, drainage near the Yukon River. Basically, braided rivers have a lot of in-channel sediment deposits that the river cuts through in a multitude of small channels.

I definitely want to see if I can get my hot little hands on a copy of their results. It sounds extremely interesting. (Though I’m sure all the really technical stuff will make my head spin.) Also, the researcher does bring up some good questions about Mars and Titan. We can be pretty sure that neither place has or ever had the verdant banks that would help build meanders. So the real question is, how would meanders form in an environment without vegetation? What would provide the bank stability that lets the point bars grow? Maybe that’ll be the next experiment, after they’re done with their alfalfa jungle.

By the way? Best use for Alfalfa sprouts outside of a turkey sandwich. Truly.

Categories
pet rock

A Girl and Her Pet Rock (1)

One of the cool things we’re doing for this field class is cutting a thin section of a rock that we picked up on one of the field trips. Chuck, our teacher, has been calling these rocks our “pet rocks.”

I picked my pet rock up at the Green Mountain Kimberlite. And named it Bobby. Yesterday it was time to cut Bobby up to start the creation of the thin section. This involved going to the rock lab in the basement of the geology building, which is an interesting place filled with all sort of intimidating power tools. Some of the saws would probably be more at home in horror movies.

Actually, I started out with three chunks of kimberlite, then showed the benevolent dictator of the rock lab, Paul, all three. Since I’ve never cut a thin section before, I had no idea which would be best. He immediately picked the smallest of the samples, which was also the “chunkiest” since it would be easiest to cut.

I put on a plastic apron (flecked with rock dust rather than the horror movie alternative, thankfully) and some extremely silly looking protective glasses that fit over my own. Paul turned on the saw, which was very, very scary looking. It was a water-cooled affair, so there was a constant drip of water on to the blade. He explained that it was a diamond-bladed saw, though different from the ones most people are used to. The strangest part is that it’s actually very difficult to cut yourself with this particular saw. Paul even touched the blade a couple times while it was running, just to show this. At least as far as flesh goes, it’s yielding enough that your skin and wobbly bits will just flex out of the way of the blade. So if you want to cut yourself, you really have to jam your finger on to it. Or apparently come at it fingernail first, because the saw will just rip through anything solid like tissue paper.

I was very glad I’d recently trimmed my fingernails.

I was pretty intimidated by the saw at first, but it helped that one of my classmates went before me so I could see how he was doing things. I’m not a big fan of power tools, and I’m not a hands-on kind of person.*** My version of being handy is, when forced by circumstance, fishing out the little tool kit my dad gave me and picking up a screw driver. This only happens when my fingernail, my scissors, and my fiance’s pocket knife have all failed to defeat a screw. The only power tool I’ve ever used is a screwdriver. I’ve seen UHF way too many times to be comfortable around saws.

But anyway, once I worked myself up to actually using the saw, it went really well. I sliced Bobby in half length-wise, then trimmed the half the stayed intact down to the right size to fit on a slide. The other half (the thinner half, I think) broke apart as I was running the rock through the saw. I even kept the cut pretty even.

Though of course, a circular saw is not nearly a delicate enough tool to make the sort of even cut necessary for a thin section. When all is said and done, the thin section is going to be so thin that light shows through it. The sort of thin that you measure with microns. (Like your average runway model.) So once the gross cutting was done with the saw, I powered it down and then basically sanded the surface completely flat. You use two different grades of grit on a glass plate, coarse then fine, and basically just sand the thing down until it’s absolutely flat and smooth.

It’s funny, but Paul spent a lot of time telling me and my classmate to not “pet” the smooth surface when rinsing the grit off. And as laughable as that is, it’s hard to do. When something’s that smooth and polished, your fingers just itch to touch it. It’s bad to do so, though, since oils from your hands interfere with the epoxy that gets used later.

So that was the first step. On Monday, step two!

*** Unless you count the time in Fire Academy, but I’d still say there’s a big difference between cutting a car apart with hydraulic sheers and getting your fingers anywhere remotely close to a spinning saw blade.

Categories
Uncategorized

I love the Ig Nobels

A bit belated, but such is the life of a college student who is attempting to beat her Worst Jane Eyre Essay Ever in to something a bit tamer, hopefully even a Not Quite The Worst Jane Eyre Essay Ever. If I’m lucky. I may just have to settle for the I Was Going To Set It On Fire But Realized That Some Grade Is Better Than No Grade So Here It Is Try Not To Let It Drive You Mad And Summon Dark Elder Gods Jane Eyre Essay.

I was catching up on my blogs and got hit with the reminder that the Ig Nobel awards have once again come and gone for the year! I’m looking forward to when the full audio of it comes out. In the past, it’s been via Science Friday on NPR, so it’ll be a bit of a wait. But it’ll also be worth it.

Io9 has a detailed roundup of the winners. There’s also some extra fun currently on the front page of The Annals of Improbably Research, spread over several posts that I am far too lazy to link to individually.

I love the Ig Nobels, deeply. I think it’s a great bit of PR for science. Yes, it points out bizarre research, but frankly if people are going to complain about how ridiculous it is that scientists get paid actual money to study people getting beer bottles smashed over their heads, they’re going to do it no matter what. These are bitter, sad people who wouldn’t know the joy of inquiry if it bit them on the behind, and I would go so far as to say are probably just mad that they couldn’t find a way to have fun while making a living. These are also, as I mentioned before when talking about the studies done in the Mt. St. Helens area, people who think that reality actually complies with common sense and our own assumptions, which is just silly.

Really, I think the Ig Nobels reach the people who still remember how much fun it was, in grade school, to make a fake volcano and then giggle gleefully as it exploded all over their nice new pants. (Not that kids necessarily get to have that much fun these days.) You know, the ones with the cute frogs on them. These people may not be scientists now, but you don’t have to be a scientist to love science and see the fun and excitement in it. So the Ig Nobels are really just a post-it note on the nose of life that says, “Remember: Science is fun!”

My favorite part of the Ig Nobels is actually the 24/7 lectures. I love them. Love, love, love. To the point that I save old recordings of the awards and fast forward through them to listen to the little lectures. It’s fun to hear very learned people try to describe what they do in a rushed, breathless voice, and the seven word studies are always absolutely hilarious. Paul Krugman is this year’s wonderful example.

Love it!

Categories
backyard geology volcano

Backyard Geology: The Valles Caldera

There’s still some geology left for me this semester – this coming Monday I get to start cutting my thin section from the kimberlite I picked up at Green Mountain. Eventually the thin section will be made in to a slide and I’ll be doing a petrographic analysis, taking a photo micrograph of it, and writing a paper. Which is fine. Kimberlite is super cool.

But the field component is definitely done. This last trip was another jaunt down to New Mexico, this time over by Los Alamos. We spent most of our time between the Bandelier National Monument and the Valles Caldera. It’s a very cool area. Our reason for being at Bandelier was to look at the Bandelier Tuff, as well as some other volcanic rocks in the area. The tuff was produced by the Valles Caldera blowing out about 1.2 million years ago.

The tuff starts pretty far away from the Caldera, as you might expect from the sort of massive volcanic explosion that would come from a caldera-forming eruption. At the first place where we examined it, I think we were at least 20 km away from the Bandelier National Monument, and the tuff and pumice layers were about 50 feet thick. The layering of the rocks in the area moving toward the caldera are pretty interesting. There are alternating layers of fairly unconsolidated pumice, tuff, ignimbrite. The tuff is basically pumice that has been partially welded back together by heat, and contains some phenocrysts. Sometimes the extremely well-welded ash units look eerily like basalt flows from a distance, which is very cool. By the time we got in to Bandelier National Monument to see the cliff dwellings, the tuff was about 500 feet thick.

The tuff and pumice makes for some pretty bizarre rocks. You normally expect rocks to be heavy, but the pumice feels almost as if it’s made of styrofoam. The cliff dwellings were actually cut in to the tuff layer, which is only slightly heavier and more solid than the pumice itself.

We also drove in to the caldera, which is a stunning area. It’s basically a massive, rolling plain covered with grass, which is surrounded entirely by a ring of large hills. The plain itself is dotted with smaller hills, which are actually obsidian domes that have formed at one time or another since the caldera collapsed. The biggest of the hills within the caldera is the resurgent dome. I do have some pictures (still need to pull them and the ones from the previous field trip off my camera) but for now, here’s a couple nice shots from Wikimedia Commons:
One of the domes in the Caldera
A couple more domes, during the winter

The pictures really can’t give you an idea of the scale of the place. You’ll just have to go there yourself, some day. Also, if you want a piece of Bandelier Tuff for yourself, you obviously cannot collect in the national park. However, there are several road cuts outside of the national monument where you can pull over and pick up large pieces of pumice and tuff, as well as some where you can find obsidian-like extrusions. It’s some very cool stuff.

Not far outside the caldera itself, there’s a picnic area where you can catch a trail up on to Battleship rock, which is made of ash deposits. The trail up to the rock is pretty tough. It gave my knees hell going back down particularly. But you do get a fantastic view from the top.

Also at that picnic area, you can catch a trail to the McCauley Warm Springs. It’s about a five mile round trip, and if you have knee problems like I do, I’d really recommend some walking sticks for this one. They make progress faster and much less painful. It’s a tough enough hike that there weren’t too many people in and out of the area, even on a beautiful and warm Sunday. The Springs themselves aren’t what you would expect. They’re meteoric hot springs, which basically means that rain water gets down in to the magmatically active zone via fissures and then is expelled to the surface. This means that they’re not too mineralogically strange – and don’t smell like sulfur, for example. (There are other sulfur-rich springs in the area which are hydrothermal in nature.) They’re also not as hot as you’d think – they’re more “warm” springs than hot springs. The temperature was like being in a very pleasant swimming pool, which is more remarkable than it seemed at the time considering that temperatures were getting down below 40 degrees F at night in the area. There’s a lot of algae growing in them, but the water’s warm enough that they certainly don’t smell like an active breeding ground for cyanobacteria. So it was a nice little excursion and a nice soak. There are also a lot of little fish that live in the springs. My feet got gently nibbled at a lot, which felt very ticklish and was quite amusing. I recommend having a beer (if you’re old enough) while relaxing in the springs.

Overall, an amazing experience courtesy of Giant Geological Features That Could Kill Us All.